The principles of animation are a set of guidelines that animators use to create realistic and believable movement in their animations. These principles were first introduced by Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their book The Illusion of Life. The principles of animation are:

1. Squash and Stretch

This principle involves stretching a character's shape when it moves and squashing it when it comes to a stop. It gives the character a sense of weight and flexibility.

2. Anticipation

Anticipation is the preparation for an action. It helps to convey the character's thoughts and actions to the audience. For example, a character may anticipate a jump by bending its knees.

3. Staging

Staging is the presentation of an idea so that it is clear to the audience. It helps to focus the audience's attention on the most important parts of the animation.

4. Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose

Straight ahead action involves drawing each frame in sequence, while pose to pose involves drawing key frames and then filling in the gaps. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages.

5. Follow Through and Overlapping Action

Follow through refers to the parts of the character that continue to move after the character comes to a stop. Overlapping action refers to the different parts of the character moving at different times.

6. Slow In and Slow Out

Slow in and slow out refers to the idea that movements should start and end gradually. This helps to make the animation look more natural.

7. Arcs

Arcs refer to the paths that objects take when they move. They help to make the animation look more fluid and natural.

8. Secondary Action

Secondary action refers to the actions of other objects in the scene. It helps to make the animation look more dynamic and interesting.

9. Timing

Timing refers to the number of frames used to create an action. It helps to convey the character's thoughts and emotions to the audience.

10. Exaggeration

Exaggeration involves exaggerating the character's movements to make them more interesting and entertaining. However, it should be used in moderation so as not to make the animation look too unrealistic.

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