The Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The boycott lasted from December 5, 1955 to December 20, 1956, and is regarded as the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in the US. It was triggered by the arrest of Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white passenger.
The boycott was organized by the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), a group led by Martin Luther King Jr. who emerged as the prominent leader of the Civil Rights Movement.
The boycott was a success with the majority of Montgomery's African American community boycotting the buses for over a year, leading to a significant financial loss for the bus companies. The boycott also brought national and international attention to the struggle for civil rights in the United States. In November 1956, the US Supreme Court declared that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional, and the boycott ended soon after. The Montgomery Bus Boycott is considered a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement and paved the way for future nonviolent protests and civil disobedience actions that were instrumental in bringing about change in the US.
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