Deep Dive: x86 and ARM
x86 is a popular processor architecture used in most personal computers. The architecture was developed by Intel Corporation and has been widely used since its inception in 1978. The x86 architecture is a complex instruction set computer (CISC) architecture, which means that it has a large number of instructions that can perform complex operations. The x86 architecture is backward compatible with its predecessors, which means that software written for older versions of the architecture can run on newer versions.
The x86 architecture has a number of registers, which are used to store data and perform operations. The most important of these registers are the general-purpose registers, which can be used for a variety of purposes. There are also segment registers, which are used to manage memory, and control registers, which are used to control the processor's behavior.
One of the most important features of the x86 architecture is its memory management unit (MMU). The MMU is responsible for managing the mapping between virtual addresses used by software and physical addresses used by the hardware. The MMU also provides protection to prevent software from accessing memory that it shouldn't.
The x86 architecture has a rich set of instructions that can be used to perform a wide variety of operations. These instructions can be divided into several categories, including arithmetic, logical, control flow, and input/output (I/O). Arithmetic instructions can be used to perform operations like addition and subtraction, while logical instructions can be used to perform operations like bitwise AND and OR. Control flow instructions can be used to change the order in which instructions are executed, while I/O instructions can be used to communicate with peripheral devices like keyboards and displays.
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