Introduction to Instruction Set Architectures
I/O refers to the communication between a computer system and external devices, such as keyboards, monitors, and printers. Interrupts are signals sent to the processor by external devices to request attention from the processor.
In programmed I/O, the processor manually sends and receives data from devices. In interrupt-driven I/O, devices send interrupts to the processor when they are ready to send or receive data. In DMA, devices access memory directly without processor intervention.
Maskable interrupts can be disabled by the processor, while non-maskable interrupts cannot. Interrupts are important for managing I/O and ensuring that devices are given the attention they need. Overall, I/O and interrupts are crucial components of instruction set architecture, allowing computers to communicate with the outside world and manage external devices.
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