Kubernetes networking is a complex topic that requires a good understanding of the fundamentals of networking. In Kubernetes, containers are deployed in Pods, which are the smallest deployable units in Kubernetes. Each Pod has a unique IP address, but this IP address is only visible to other Pods in the same node. To expose the application running in a Pod to the outside world, we need to create a Service. A Service is an abstraction that defines a logical set of Pods and a policy by which to access them.

Kubernetes networking is based on a software-defined network (SDN) model, where each Pod is assigned a unique IP address and can communicate with other Pods and Services by using this IP address. Kubernetes uses an overlay network to connect Pods running on different nodes. The overlay network is a virtual network that runs on top of the physical network and is used to provide connectivity between Pods running on different nodes. Kubernetes supports several overlay networks, such as flannel, Calico, and Weave Net. Each overlay network has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of overlay network depends on the specific use case.

Kubernetes also provides several networking plugins that can be used to integrate with different network infrastructures. For example, the Kubernetes CNI (Container Networking Interface) plugin can be used to integrate with a variety of network plugins, such as Calico, Flannel, and Weave Net. The CNI plugin provides a standardized API for network plugins to interact with Kubernetes.

To learn more about Kubernetes networking, it is recommended to read the official Kubernetes documentation and to practice deploying and managing applications on a Kubernetes cluster.

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