Cameras and Sensors in Machine Vision

Cameras and sensors are crucial components of a machine vision system. Cameras capture images of the object or scene being inspected, while sensors collect data on various parameters such as distance, temperature, and color. There are several types of cameras and sensors available for machine vision applications.

Types of Cameras

For example, charge-coupled devices (CCD) and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors are commonly used in machine vision cameras. CCD sensors have better light sensitivity and dynamic range, while CMOS sensors consume less power and are more cost-effective. In addition to these, there are also specialized cameras such as thermal cameras and hyperspectral cameras that are used for specific applications.

Types of Sensors

Sensors used in machine vision can be categorized into three types: proximity sensors, photoelectric sensors, and vision sensors. Proximity sensors detect the presence of an object by measuring changes in magnetic fields or capacitance. Photoelectric sensors use a beam of light to detect the presence or absence of an object. Vision sensors, on the other hand, capture images and use image processing algorithms to extract information about the object being inspected.

Factors to Consider

When selecting cameras and sensors for machine vision, it is important to consider factors such as:

• Resolution: determines the amount of detail captured in the image
• Frame rate: determines the speed at which images can be captured
• Sensitivity: measures the camera's ability to capture low-light images
• Type of lens: determines the field of view and depth of field.

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