Racism and Politics
Institutionalized racism refers to the ways in which racist attitudes and beliefs become entrenched in the laws, policies, and practices of institutions such as governments, schools, and businesses. Institutionalized racism is often more difficult to recognize and combat than individual acts of racism because it is embedded in the very structures of society. The history of institutionalized racism in the United States is long and complex, dating back to the country's founding.
One notable example of institutionalized racism is the system of slavery that was legal in the United States for over two centuries. Slavery was enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and was supported by a wide range of laws and policies. Even after slavery was abolished, many of these laws and policies continued to discriminate against African Americans and other people of color.
Another example of institutionalized racism is the Jim Crow laws that were implemented in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These laws enforced racial segregation and discrimination in many areas of life, including education, housing, and employment. Jim Crow laws were eventually struck down by the Supreme Court, but their legacy continues to shape American society to this day.
In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the ways in which institutionalized racism continues to impact American society. For example, many scholars have pointed to the ways in which the criminal justice system disproportionately targets and harms people of color. Other examples of institutionalized racism include the ongoing disparities in access to quality education, healthcare, and housing.
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